Nephrology is the branch of medical science that deals with the kidneys. This includes normal function, as well as abnormalities, including disorders of fluid and electrolyte balance, high blood pressure, kidney and bladder stones, kidney infections, kidney failure, kidney cysts and cancers of the kidney, bladder and urethra.
A nephrologist is a physician trained in either internal medicine or pediatrics who has completed additional training in nephrology. This training includes diagnosis and management of kidney disorders, as well as kidney replacement therapies, such as dialysis and kidney transplant.
Eating a heart-healthy diet and exercising regularly are two of the best ways to maintain kidney health. The benefits of regular follow up with a health care provider should also be stressed.
Identifying kidney disease early, before there has been significant loss of kidney function, allows for optimal management. This includes assessment and modification of risk factors for developing kidney disease, as well as appropriate use of screening blood and urine tests to detect abnormal kidney function.
Most chronic kidney disease in the United States results from diabetes mellitus and high blood pressure. Obesity is also a significant risk factor for kidney disease. Cigarette smoking is another. Identifying risk factors such as these is the first step to adopting appropriate changes.
A diet that is too high in salt can be a risk factor for high blood pressure, chronic kidney disease, kidney stones and other health conditions. A general guideline is to keep dietary sodium intake to less than 2,500 milligrams per day.
Inappropriate or excessive use of certain medications can also have a negative effect on kidney function. This risk can even be associated with over-the-counter medications or nutritional and herbal supplements. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications such as ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil), naproxen (Naprosyn, Aleve) or celecoxib (Celebrex) can be associated with adverse effects on kidney function. It is important to use medications only as recommended and to discuss the use of all medications or supplements with your physician.
If you find that you’re experiencing any of the following symptoms, you may want to talk to your primary care provider about scheduling a visit with a nephrologist:
■ Worsening kidney function noted on blood work or evidenced by protein in the urine
■ Fluid retention and swelling (edema)
■ Increasing or difficult to manage blood pressure
■ Foamy urine
■ Blood in your urine
■ Strong family history of kidney disease
Blood and urine tests are an important part of evaluating kidney health. At your first visit, the nephrologist may also want an ultrasound or CT scan to look at the anatomy of the kidneys. He or she will likely want to discuss your complete medical history, family and social history.
The kidneys share a close working relationship with all other organ systems and need to be assessed in context. A nephrologist will review all medications and supplements and likely take special interest in your diet. Working together with you and your primary care provider, a specialist can address your specific issues and work toward the best individualized care plan for you.
To learn more about kidney health or nephrology services at Mount Nittany Physician Group, visit www.mountnittany.org/nephrology or call (814) 689-3140.
Kevin Roe is a doctor of osteopathic medicine in nephrology for the Mount Nittany Physician Group.
